Journal of World Health Research
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description: Journal of World Health Research is a peer-reviewed international journal publishing high-quality research in public health, clinical, and global health sciences. ISSN (Print): 3106-9932 | ISSN (Online): 3106-9940 The Journal of World Health Research (JWHR) is now indexed in Embase®, the Elsevier biomedical and pharmacological database, effective August 11, 2026. With a focus on high-quality, peer-reviewed content, we cover a wide spectrum of health research topics—from epidemiology, clinical advancements, and global health policy to the social determinants of health, cutting-edge innovations, and preventative medicine. We aim to bridge the gap between scientific research and real-world health applications, making our findings accessible and actionable for health professionals and policy-makers. Whether you're a researcher, health practitioner, policy expert, or someone passionate about advancing global health, the Journal of World Health Research offers invaluable insights, the latest studies, and collaborative opportunities. Join us as we amplify voices in health science, advocate for equitable health solutions, and inspire a future of wellness and innovation that transcends borders. Aim and Scope of the Journal of World Health Research Our scope encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including public health, clinical medicine, epidemiology, health policy, global health, environmental health, mental health, health technology, and more. We welcome original research, reviews, systematic analyses, case studies, and commentaries that explore emerging health challenges, promote interdisciplinary approaches, and offer insights into health equity, preventive care, and sustainable healthcare practices. By uniting researchers and practitioners worldwide, the Journal of World Health Research fosters knowledge-sharing that shapes healthier communities and catalyzes positive change in global health. Publisher details Name: Public Health Corps Africa Address: Scholar's Summ…
publisher: Public Health Corps Africa Ltd
language: en
publication name: Journal of World Health Research
issn: 3106-9932
copyright: Authors who publish in any of our journals retain the copyright to their work but agree to grant Burundi Publishing the right of first publication. All articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This promotes transparency and fosters wide dissemination of the research.
items: Utilisation of HIV prevention services among young youths attending the outpatient clinic of Bweyogere Health Centre III, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
items: Attitudes of health workers towards infection control at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. A cross-sectional study.
items: Infection control practices among health workers at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. A cross-sectional study
items: A cross-sectional study on obstetric factors contributing to increased cases of Pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kisugu Health Center III, Kampala District.
items: Cultural factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Socio-demographic factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa District. A cross-sectional study.
items: Socio-cultural related factors contributing to anaemia in children under the age of five years at the paediatric ward in Nakaseke general hospital, Nakaseke district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Socio-economic factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Knowledge, Attitudes and practices of patients towards peptic ulcer disease at Namatala Health Centre IV, Mbale City. A cross-sectional study.
items: Factors contributing to postoperative sepsis among postoperative patients at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital, Kayunga district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Individual, social and healthcare-related factors contributing to new HIV infections among women aged 15-24 years at Mukono General Hospital, Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Behavioural factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Health facility factors affecting the uptake of voluntary safe medical male circumcision among adults aged 15-49 years attending OPD at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
items: KNOWLEDGE OF ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE AMONG FINAL YEAR NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN LIRA CITY, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/73
items: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus causing cellulitis among adult patients attending clinical services at Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala. A cross-sectional study.
items: Prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
items: Post abortion care utilization and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Lira city. A cross-sectional study.
items: Determinants of delivery point choice among pregnant women in Ntenjeru North, Kayunga District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
items: ATTITUDE TOWARDS ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING TORORO GENERAL HOSPITAL, TORORO DISTRICT.
items: Health facility factors contributing to uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among women of reproductive age attending Mukono general hospital, Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
items: Factors contributing to low uptake of personal protective equipment among health workers at Kayunga regional referral hospital, Kayunga district. A cross-sectional study.
items: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS AGED 45-60 YEARS AT KASANGATI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW UTILIZATION OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS AT ENTEBBE REGIONAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL, WAKISO DISTRICT.
items: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS CONDOM USE AMONG RESIDENTS OF NANSANA MUNICIPALITY, WAKISO DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/62
items: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS COMPREHENSIVE SEXUAL EDUCATION AMONG STUDENTS IN MERIKIT SECONDARY SCHOOL, TORORO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POOR ADHERENCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING TUBERCULOSIS CLINIC AT KAMULI GENERAL HOSPITAL, KAMULI DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/57
items: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LOW INVOLVEMENT OF MEN IN ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES AMONG MEN ATTENDING MEDICAL SERVICES AT OBER HEALTH CENTER IV, LIRA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Utilisation of HIV prevention services among young youths attending the outpatient clinic of Bweyogere Health Centre III, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background In Uganda, HIV prevalence among young youths is estimated at 5.1%, contributing approximately 37% of all new HIV infections annually. The purpose of this study was to assess individual factors affecting utilisation of HIV prevention services among Young Youths attending the Outpatient Clinic at Bweyogerere Health Centre III, Wakiso District. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing a quantitative research method was used to collect data among 80 youth who were sampled using convenience sampling within a period of 5 days, considering 16 per day of data collection. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire, coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel (2024) programs and presented in frequency tables, graphs and charts. Results The majority of the respondents, 67 (84%), were female, while the minority, 13 (16%), were male. 54 (68%) understood ways of preventing HIV, and 26 (32%) understood them very well. Regarding how respondents rated their risk of getting HIV, a vast majority of respondents, 67 (84%), considered themselves at low risk. In relation to whether respondents drink alcohol or use other drugs, the majority, 44 (55%), reported doing so sometimes, while the minority, 16 (20%), reported that they always do so. The majority, 47(59%), of the respondents said that their friends influenced them a lot in sexual decisions. Slightly more than half, 43(54%), of respondents mentioned that fear of results affected their decision to go for HIV testing. Conclusion The study concludes that most had only a partial understanding and low personal risk perception. Peer influence, fear of HIV test results, and alcohol or drug use among most respondents, inadequate counselling, and neutral attitudes of health workers were important barriers to service utilisation. Recommendations The Ministry of Health and District Health Office should strengthen youth-focused HIV prevention programs in Wakiso District through schools, communities, and…
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creator: Sharon Adiyao
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
creator: Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sharon Adiyao, Hasifa Nansereko, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.71020/cg65cv06

Attitudes of health workers towards infection control at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Attitudes of health workers toward infection control significantly influence their willingness to adhere to recommended preventive measures and ensure patient safety. Therefore, this study aims to determine the attitudes of health workers towards infection control at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used, where participants were given questionnaires to fill in quantitatively, the data were coded, and analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, and presented using tables, Bar charts, and pie charts. Results: A total of 55 healthcare workers were interviewed, 61.8% (34/55) were females. The mean age of the participants was 25.3, with the majority, 54.5% (30/55), in the age group of 26 to 30 years. 50.9% (28/55) of the participants were diploma holders, and 63.6% (35/55) of the participants were nurses. 89.1% (49/55) of healthcare workers agreed that washing hands before and after contact with patients was important. 85.5% (47/55) agreed feeling comfortable telling coughing patients to follow cough hygiene procedures, 56.3% (31/55) of health workers believe that PPE protects health care workers from infection. 50.9% (30/55) of the health workers had a positive attitude towards infection control, while 49.1% (25/55) had a negative attitude. Conclusion: More than half of health workers had a positive attitude toward infection control, while the rest showed negative attitudes, indicating mixed perceptions. Recommendation: There is a need for continuous training and sensitization to improve attitudes toward infection control. Strengthening supervision and reinforcing the importance of PPE use are also necessary.
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creator: Duncan Edward Kasibante
creator: Frank Ssegujja
creator: Francisco Ssemuwemba
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Duncan Edward Kasibante, Frank Ssegujja, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Hasifa Nansereko, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.71020/svrfth58

Infection control practices among health workers at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. A cross-sectional study
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description: Background: Infection control practices among health workers are essential for preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections and ensuring patient and staff safety. Therefore, this study aims to determine the infection control practices among health workers at Kajjansi Health Centre IV. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used, where participants were given questionnaires to fill in quantitatively, the data were coded, and analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, and presented using tables, Bar charts, and pie charts. Results: A total of 55 healthcare workers were interviewed, 61.8% (34/55) were females. The mean age of the participants was 25.3, with the majority, 54.5% (30/55), in the age group of 26 to 30 years. 50.9% (28/55) of the participants were diploma holders, and 63.6% (35/55) of the participants were nurses. The proportion of health workers who practiced good infection control activities were 56.4% (31/55). 43.6% (24/55) of participants washed their hands with soap before patient care, after patient care, or after contact with blood. 90.9% (50/55) did not recap needles after use, all discarded waste immediately in their waste containers, 98.2% (54/55) did not remove rings or bracelets before hand washing, 90.9% (50/55) agreed availability of written guidelines on exposure to HIV, HBV while 47.3% (26/55) admitted presence of guidelines on waste disposal with only 45.5% (25/55) applying the guidelines. Conclusion: More than half of health workers practiced good infection control, with strengths in waste disposal and avoiding needle recapping. Recommendation: There is a need for regular training and mentorship on infection control practices. The facility should also improve supervision and ensure proper availability and enforcement of guidelines.
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creator: Duncan Edward Kasibante
creator: Frank Ssegujja
creator: Ssemuwemba Francisco
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Duncan Edward Kasibante, Frank Ssegujja, Ssemuwemba Francisco, Hasifa Nansereko, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.71020/w5zk7e95

A cross-sectional study on obstetric factors contributing to increased cases of Pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kisugu Health Center III, Kampala District.
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description: Background: In Uganda, pre-eclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, reflecting broader challenges in maternal health care systems. This study assessed the obstetric factors contributing to increased cases of Pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kisugu Health Center III, Kampala District. Methodology: The study design was a quantitative cross-sectional study using a simple random sampling technique. The sample size was 64 eligible pregnant women attending Kisugu Health Center III in Kampala District. Data was collected using structured questionnaires among pregnant women. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze data, and it was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: (21.9%) Of the study participants, were aged 25-30 years, (71.9%) of respondents were single. 62% respondents mentioned that they were screened for preeclampsia during ANC, (70%) of the respondents didn’t know the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia, 47% were satisfied with antenatal services at Kisugu health center III, 52% of the study participants attended antenatal care occasionally, most of the respondents had space of 2 years between the previous and current pregnancy and (90%) had singleton type of pregnancy. Conclusion: The established obstetric factors were: attendance of antenatal care visits, presence of fetal anomalies, type of pregnancy, and screening for preeclampsia. Recommendation: The Ministry of Health should conduct integrated ANC targeted screening of preeclampsia, UTI, and febrile illnesses in pregnant women at high risk, such as those with a family history of preeclampsia.
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creator: Abdallah Walusimbi
creator: Prosper Mubangizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdallah Walusimbi, Prosper Mubangizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/r3x3bm55

Cultural factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: To identify cultural factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa district. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa District. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the 96 study participants. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 22. Results: (75%), were married, 4.2% were widows or widowers. Among the 22 caregivers who delayed visiting the health facility, 16 (72.7%) of their children were anaemic. Among the 74 who sought timely medical care, only 21 (28.4%) of their children had IDA. Children whose caregivers believe illnesses are caused by spiritual forces had a high anaemia prevalence (72.2%). Those who rejected the belief had a much lower prevalence (28.3%). Of the 28 caregivers who reported avoiding certain foods for young children, 18 (64.3%) of their children were anaemic. Among the 25 respondents who introduced complementary feeding before 6 months, IDA prevalence was high (60%). The lowest prevalence (28.3%) occurred among those who started at the recommended time of 6 months. Delayed (45.5%) or early initiation of complementary feeding appears to increase anaemia risk. Cultural discouragement of animal-source foods such as meats and dairy products was associated with a high prevalence of Iron deficiency anaemia (62.5%). Children of caregivers who used traditional remedies had a much higher prevalence of IDA (60%) compared to those who did not (26.2%). Conclusion: Food unsuitability beliefs, introduction of complementary meals before 6 months, and delayed seeking of medical care were the significant cultural factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV. Recommendations: Pregnant mothers should be well educated on how to take care of their newborn babies and children during an…
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creator: Musa Kayima
creator: Elizabeth Okello
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Musa Kayima, Elizabeth Okello, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.71020/twg6p246

Socio-demographic factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa District. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: The study aims to find out socio-demographic factors influencing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children below five years at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa district. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2025 at Bujubuli Health Centre IV, Kyegegwa District. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the 96 study participants. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 22. Results: Most of the respondents 62(64.6%) had jobless while 34(35.4%) were employed. Iron Deficiency Anaemia was more prevalent in children of higher birth order (4+), and least among those of birth order (1), that is 46.7% and 31.8% respectively. Families with three or more children under five reported the highest Iron Deficiency Anemia prevalence (56.5%). IDA prevalence was highest in children whose caretakers had never gone to school (83.3%). The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was higher in children whose caretakers were Catholics (50.0%) than in those who were following Seventh day Adventist church (0.0%). The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was found to be highest in children between 16 and 24 months of age, 53.3%. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was highest in children whose caretakers were never employed (87.1%) and lower in children whose caretakers had jobs (41.2%). Conclusion: This study established that Iron deficiency Anaemia is still a national health threat, especially amongst the poor population, with a moderate prevalence of childhood anaemia, according to this study, being 38.5%. Recommendations: Health practitioners, most especially nutritionists, should ensure that anaemic children who are admitted are fed well on complementary foods while receiving required treatments to eradicate the severe grades of IDA.
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creator: Musa Kayima
creator: Elizabeth Okello
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Musa Kayima, Elizabeth Okello, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/6cnsf024

Socio-cultural related factors contributing to anaemia in children under the age of five years at the paediatric ward in Nakaseke general hospital, Nakaseke district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: The study aimed to determine the socio-cultural related factors contributing to anaemia in children under the age of five years at the paediatric ward in Nakaseke General Hospital, Nakaseke district. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design at Nakaseke General Hospital, targeting caretakers of children under five diagnosed with anaemia. A sample of 80 respondents was selected using simple random sampling, with participants approached, consented, and enrolled using folded-paper selection. Data were collected via pretested, self-administered, structured questionnaires in Luganda, guided by trained research assistants. Quantitative data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and presented in tables, charts, and graphs. Ethical clearance, informed consent, confidentiality, and adherence to SOPs were ensured throughout the study. Results: Among the 80 respondents, 55 (68.7%) were female, and 25 (31.3%) were male. Most were aged 26–35 years (35; 43.8%), followed by 14–25 years (20; 25.0%), 36–45 years (15; 18.7%), and 46+ years (10; 12.5%). Household sizes were 1–4 members (30; 37.5%), 5–8 members (40; 50.0%), and 8+ members (10; 12.5%), with 45 (56.3%) living in rural areas. Half were married (40; 50.0%), 25 (31.3%) single, 10 (12.5%) divorced, and 5 (6.2%) widowed. Regarding education, 30 (37.5%) had secondary, 25 (31.3%) primary, 15 (18.7%) tertiary, and 10 (12.5%) never attended school. Socio-culturally, 35 (43.8%) reported fathers as primary decision-makers on family income, 30 (37.5%) said both parents shared decisions, and 15 (18.7%) said mothers decided alone. Food taboos were practiced in 25 (31.3%) of households, mainly restricting fish (8; 10.0%), chicken (7; 8.7%), eggs (5; 6.3%), and fruits (3; 3.8%). Conclusion: Male-dominated decisions, poor feeding practices, and food taboos reduced children’s dietary diversity and increased anaemia. Recommendation: Community and religious leaders should discourage food taboos and promote …
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creator: Joseph Wabomba
creator: Moses Ojale
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joseph Wabomba, Moses Ojale, George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.71020/p1tzsb78

Socio-economic factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Globally, the burden of STIs remains a great public concern. The study aimed to assess the socio-economic factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design to collect quantitative data. All women with a diagnosis of STI and those being treated for STI who attended Mukono general hospital during the study period were interviewed and recruited to participate in the study, with a sample size of 75 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. Results: 40 (53%) were from rural while the remaining 35 (47%) were from urban areas. 39(52%) had their lowest education level of primary, while 7(9%) of the respondents were highly educated. 39(52%) were of low household level while the least 12(16%) were of high household level. 48(64%) believed that early marriages are the cause of STIs, while at least 2(2%) believed it was circumcision ceremonies. 45(60%) exchanged sex for money while the minority 30(40%) did not exchange sex for money and 25(56%) out of 45 still doing it while 20(44%) nolonger exchanging sex for money. Conclusion: The study revealed that cultural practices such as early marriage and poverty were the major socio-economic factors contributing to the prevalence of STIs. Recommendation: The government should also revise the acceptable cultural practices in society by engaging the cultural leaders to see which rituals should be abolished in society that are putting people’s lives at risk, like early marriage. The District Health Officer should conduct close monitoring and supervision of health facility staff to assess the quality of services.
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creator: Jovan Bagenda
creator: Olga Nakagiri
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jovan Bagenda, Olga Nakagiri , George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.71020/kxv0t689

Knowledge, Attitudes and practices of patients towards peptic ulcer disease at Namatala Health Centre IV, Mbale City. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: PUD is a frequent gastrointestinal disease affecting the stomach and duodenum and is characterised by deep lesions in the mucosa. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients towards peptic ulcer disease. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 66 respondents who were selected through convenience sampling. The collected data were analysed and presented using tables, figures, and percentages to summarise the findings. Results: The majority of the respondents, 23(35%), were aged above 50 years, and 10 (15%) ranged between 18 and 30 years. Most of the respondents, 25 (38%), stopped in secondary, 20(30%) stopped in primary, 15 (28%) never studied, and 6(9%) stopped at Tertiary /University. The majority of respondents (77%) had heard about peptic ulcer disease, while 23% had not. Regarding causes, 39% associated PUD with H. pylori infections, 38% attributed it to the use of NSAIDS. In terms of management practices, 50% reported drinking milk to relieve symptoms, 31% drank coffee beverages, 15 % consumed spicy and fatty foods, and only 3% smoked. Additionally, 50% of respondents had never discussed H. pylori infections with their family members, indicating a gap in awareness and communication. Conclusion: The study concluded that although most respondents had some awareness of peptic ulcer disease, significant gaps remain in their understanding of its causes and management. Misconceptions about dietary practices and limited knowledge of H. pylori infection contribute to poor self –care and delayed medical attention. Recommendation: The study recommends strengthening community health education on prevention and management of PUD, promoting routine H. pylori screening, providing counselling at health facilities on proper dietary habits, and conducting further research to address knowledge gaps and i…
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creator: Sharif Wasega
creator: Olga Nakagiri
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sharif Wasega, Olga Nakagiri, George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i5.89

Factors contributing to postoperative sepsis among postoperative patients at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital, Kayunga district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Post-operative infection is any infection that occurs within 30 days after a surgical procedure or within one year if an implant was placed. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to postoperative sepsis among postoperative patients at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital, Kayunga district. Methodology: The study used cross section study design, 60 respondents were selected by a simple random method. The study employed structural questionnaires, which were administered by the researcher and assistants to collect data using a simple random technique. Results: 35(58%) were aged above 40 years, and 10 (17%) were aged below 20 years. 40 (67%) were formally educated, and 20 (33%) had no formal education. According to patient-related factors, it was revealed that postoperative sepsis was highest among males aged 40years 58% and also it was reported to be high among patients with comorbidities 70% and those who smoke, 58%. According to health facility-related factors, it was also shown that postoperative sepsis was high among people who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics before surgery 53% and high among patients who were not reviewed after surgery, 53%. In regard to socioeconomic factors in the same study, it was revealed that the majority of the respondents 63% were unemployed, and 55% lacked caretakers. Conclusion: The highest pronounced factors contributing to postoperative sepsis among clients were male over 40years of age, underlying comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Higher body weight, preoperative antibiotics, unemployment, and lack of caretaker. Recommendations: The government should formulate policies concerning POS, provision and lobbying of funds, training health workers, supporting supervision of surgical wards and theatres, and providing modern machines used during surgeries.
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creator: Kolebu Wamume
creator: Alexander Ssekibaamu
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kolebu Wamume, Alexander Ssekibaamu, George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i5.88

Individual, social and healthcare-related factors contributing to new HIV infections among women aged 15-24 years at Mukono General Hospital, Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continue to be a major global health tragedy despite intense efforts in international and local initiatives to address the pandemic. The study aimed at identifying the individual, social, and healthcare-related factors contributing to new HIV infections among women aged 15-24 years at Mukono General Hospital, Mukono district. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was employed. The study population focused on women aged 15-24 years at Mukono General Hospital, Mukono district, with a sample size of 62 respondents using a simple random sampling method to select from the women aged 15-24 years. The researcher used Microsoft Excel to analyze the data. Results: 39(63%) were single, 23(37%) were married. 52(84%) were well informed about the modes of HIV transmission. 50(81%) agree that using condoms can effectively prevent HIV transmission, unlike the 12(19%) who don’t believe it, and lastly, 36(58%) feel like substance use affects their decision-making towards safe sexual practices. 46(74%) agreed that low education levels increase the risk of acquiring HIV. 35(56%) agreed that limited access to healthcare facilities contributes to new HIV infections. 48(77%) agreed that poverty limits access to HIV prevention services such as HIV testing. 39(63%) reported limited access to HIV prevention services, while 23(37%) reported not to have faced a limited access. 26(42%) had experienced stigma or discrimination from healthcare providers. Conclusion: Insufficient knowledge without behavioral empowerment and supportive environments has not consistently translated into safe sexual practices. Recommendation: Strengthen youth mentorship and peer-support programs. Peer educators can effectively reach young women with messages about risk reduction, safe sexual practices, and the importance of regular HIV testing.
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creator: Benjamin Luube
creator: John Paul Kibirige
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Benjamine Luube, John Paul Kibirige, George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i5.87

Behavioural factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: A steady increase in sexually transmitted infections has been recognized, where Syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhea cases were reported. The study aimed at assessing the behavioural factors contributing to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design to collect quantitative data. All women with a diagnosis of STI and those being treated for STI who attended Mukono general hospital during the study period were interviewed and recruited to participate in the study. A sample size of 75 respondents was used. Results: 29 (39%) were aged between 18-24 years, while the least 7 (9%) were aged above 35 years. Most of the respondents, 35(47%), were married, while the least, 10(13%), were divorced. 38(50%) reported having more than one sexual partner while 18(24%) never had sexual partners. 55 (73%) had ever used substances before having sex, while the minority, 20 (27%), had never used. Out of 55 respondents who used substances before or during sex, most of the respondents, 33(60%), used alcohol, while the least, 22 (40%), used other drugs. 65(93%) had ever engaged in unprotected sex while the minority 10(7%) never engaged in unprotected sex. Conclusion: Therefore, substance use and unprotected sex were the major factors contributing to the prevalence of STIs. Recommendation: The health facility should put in place enough protective equipment, such as condoms, on the premises so that youths can use them adequately.
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creator: Jovan Bagenda
creator: Olga Nakagiri
creator: George Masete
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jovan Bagenda, Olga Nakagiri, George Masete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i5.86

Health facility factors affecting the uptake of voluntary safe medical male circumcision among adults aged 15-49 years attending OPD at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background The study aimed to determine the health facility factors affecting the uptake of voluntary safe medical male circumcision among adults aged 15-49 years attending OPD at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to assess knowledge, sociodemographic, and health-facility factors affecting VMMC uptake among males aged 15-49 years at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. A sample of 107 participants was randomly selected using a lottery technique. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, pre-tested at Mityana General Hospital, and translated into Luganda when needed. Data were analyzed in SPSS v24 using descriptive statistics. Ethical approval was secured, and participants provided informed consent, with privacy and confidentiality strictly observed. Results Over half of the respondents were unemployed (57, 53.3%), 34 (31.8%) were self-employed, and only 16 (15%) were decently employed. Among 107 respondents, 80 (75%) reported that the nearest VMMC facility was far from their homes, while only 11 (10%) said it was near. Most participants, 89 (83%), perceived the facility as clean and hygienic, whereas 18 (17%) disagreed. Nearly all respondents, 97 (90.7%), confirmed that VMMC services were provided by skilled healthcare workers, while 2 (1.9%) said no and 8 (7.5%) were unsure. However, 104 (97.2%) experienced long waiting times exceeding 30 minutes, with only 3 (2.8%) reporting short waits. Additionally, 79 (73.8%) described service hours as very inconvenient, compared to 28 (26.2%) who found them convenient. Regarding supplies, 70 (65.4%) reported they were always available, 9 (8.4%) often, 20 (18.7%) sometimes, and 8 (7.5%) rarely available. Conclusion Long distances, extended waiting times, and inconvenient service hours were key health-facility barriers limiting VMMC uptake. Recommendation Health facilities should extend service hours, reduce waiting times through appointment systems, …
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creator: Arnold Kasiita
creator: Perpetua Nabayigga
creator: Francisco Ssemuwemba
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arnold Kasiita, Perpetua Nabayigga, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.71020/9a26hk38

KNOWLEDGE OF ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE AMONG FINAL YEAR NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN LIRA CITY, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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description: Background: Nearly 7000 newborns die every day from preventable causes like prematurity, birth asphyxia, and neonatal sepsis. Essential newborn care (ENC) seeks to lower this mortality in developing nations, This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of ENC among Lira City's final-year nursing and midwifery students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was employed involving 275 final year student nurses and midwives. Institutions and participants were randomly sampled, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Participants who scored 75% were regarded as having good knowledge, 50-74%, moderate knowledge, and ≤ 49%, poor knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the knowledge of Essential Newborn Care. Results: The study involved more females, 57.1%, than males, 42.9%, the majority of whom were aged 22-26 years, and 80.0% were single. Overall, there was adequate knowledge (95.27%) of ENC. Students at certificate and Diploma levels were 31.289 [AOR= 31.289; P= 0.001; 95%CI; 4.262- 259.986] and 217.929[AOR= 217.929; P< 0.001; 95%CI; 19.312-2459.259] times respectively, more likely to have good knowledge than Bachelor's students. Whereas there was adequate knowledge, 54.2% on cord care, 50.2% were unaware that something was applied to the cord. The majority (91.3%) had adequate knowledge of breastfeeding, with 81.1% being aware that EBF is done for 6 months. Despite 96.0% being aware that babies are supposed to be vaccinated at birth, 61.6% and 72.4% were unaware that the Oral Polio and Hepatitis B vaccines, respectively, are given at birth. There was good knowledge, 98.9% and 79.6% on eye care and neonatal resuscitation, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, participants had adequate knowledge of ENC; however, there were knowledge gaps in cord care, as many did not know what to apply to the cord. Recommendation: Enhance teaching techniques to improve students’ knowledge levels on Essential Newborn Care.
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creator: Joshua Anguyo
creator: Emmanuel Madira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joshua Anguyo, Emmanuel Madira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i1.78

https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/73
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title: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the identified bacterial isolates in wastewater effluents discharged into Lake Victoria at Mukuuba landing site, Wakiso district, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
description: Background Wastewater effluents can carry pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the identified bacterial isolates in wastewater effluents discharged into Lake Victoria at Mukuuba Landing Site, Wakiso District, Uganda. Methodology The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional, laboratory-based design and quantitative methods. A total of 30 wastewater effluent samples, purposively selected, were described using standardized microbiological techniques. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to analyze data. Results aureus showed resistance to penicillin G, but was sensitive to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. E. faecalis was susceptible to all tested antibiotics. E. coli showed resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, but was sensitive to ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and meropenem. K. pneumoniae was resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to four other drugs. P. mirabilis showed 100% sensitivity, and C. freundii showed resistance to ampicillin and SXT, but sensitivity to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and meropenem. Conclusion The results on antimicrobial susceptibility revealed a concerning trend of resistant bacteria, where many of the isolates exhibited very low susceptibility to antibiotics, including ampicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Recommendation Local agencies responsible for public health should develop and mobilize mass, customized, rational antibiotic stewardship programs designed to monitor and limit antibiotic misuse by humans and animals in the locality.
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creator: Seldon Duluga
creator: James Kasozi
creator: Fortunate Lujjibirwa
creator: Daniel Manowa
creator: Wamono Herbert Wanambwa
creator: John Baptist Akena
creator: Christopher Situma
creator: Benjamin W Oromocan
creator: Vianney Ssentongo
creator: Saphan Muzoora
creator: Jacqueline Kyosiimire
creator: Florence sulwa
creator: Jorome Nteziyaremye
creator: Mirriam Akullo
creator: Habert Mabonga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i9.73

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus causing cellulitis among adult patients attending clinical services at Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for most cases of cellulitis infections. Cellulitis is the most common bacterial infection on the skin surfaces in humans all over the world. The study aims to investigate the AST patterns of Staphylococcus aureus that cause cellulitis in adult patients. Methods A cross-sectional study analyzed 279 wound swabs from cellulitis patients at Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala. Samples were cultured on Mannitol Salt, Blood, and MacConkey Agars. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by Gram stain, catalase, and coagulase tests; other isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were confirmed biochemically. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar, interpreted per CLSI (2023) guidelines. Susceptibility frequencies were calculated with Microsoft Excel. Results Among 279 patients, 56.3% of the participants were female, and 31.5% were aged 36–45 years. 50.5% were married, and 30.5% had completed secondary education. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen (56.6%, n=158). Of these, 43.7% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Susceptibility to key antibiotics was: vancomycin (96.8%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (81.6%), clindamycin (73.4%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64.6%). Streptococcus pyogenes showed high penicillin susceptibility (90.0%), while Gram-negative isolates exhibited significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion High MRSA prevalence and significant antibiotic resistance were found, necessitating routine susceptibility testing and strengthened stewardship to guide effective cellulitis treatment Recommendation The Ministry of Health should incorporate TB LAM Ag test strips into the national HIV/TB diagnostic guidelines, especially for patients with advanced immunosuppression.
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creator: Nteziyaremye Jorome
creator: James Kasozi
creator: Benjamin W Oromcan
creator: Seldon Duluga
creator: Mrriam Akullo
creator: Habert Mabonga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i9.72

Prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background The reduction in new HIV infections has been partly attributed to improved coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), early initiation of treatment, adherence, and retention in care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing a quantitative approach. The collected data were analyzed using STATA. Data was presented in the form of text, tables, and graphs. Logistic regression was used to test for association, while an odds ratio was used as the measure of the association between the two variables, and data was presented in terms of text, tables, and pie-charts. Results A total of 211 respondents participated in the study; the majority of the respondents were aged 35 years and above (42.7%), with a mean age of 33.38 years (SD = 9.4). 127(60.2%) were female, married (52.6%), and had attained primary education as their highest level of education (61.6%). A significant portion were peasants by occupation (68.7%), Christians (91.5%), and resided in rural areas (84.4%). In terms of income, most respondents earned less than 100,000 Ugandan shillings per month (76.3%), and 194 (91.9%) were found to have long-term HIV infections, while 17 (8.1%) had recent HIV infections Conclusion The majority of the clients assessed (91.9%) were living with long-term HIV infections, while a small proportion (8.1%) had acquired the infection recently. Recommendation The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with health facility administrators, should implement a comprehensive, multi-sectoral strategy to address recent HIV infections by targeting high-risk populations.
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creator: Mary Mugabekazi
creator: Francis Kazibwe
creator: Bright Laban Waswa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i8.71

Post abortion care utilization and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Lira city. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background PAC is an effective intervention for decreasing maternal mortality and morbidity owing to abortion. PAC Services are services offered by the healthcare professionals to women who have had an abortion to prevent complications related to Abortion. This study aimed to assess the level of PAC service utilization among women of reproductive age in Lira City. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study done among women of reproductive age in Lira City. A total of 335 women were recruited by multistage sampling. The data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results (66%) had attained basic education, and about 61.5% of the participants were single. The majority (62.6%) of the participants were employed in various types of jobs with average monthly income ranging from 5,000 to 50000 (Ugx). The prevalence of abortion among participants was 31.3%. Out of 31.3% (105) participants who had an abortion, 60% (63) sought PAC, while 40% (42) did not think of seeking any care. About those who sought help, most 31(9.3%) sought professional help from the hospital, and most 29(8.7%) sought help from a nurse. The majority, 67 (20%), sought help only once. Conclusion Utilization of PAC was found to be high among women of reproductive age in Lira City. This was most likely to be done by married women as a result of support from husbands and the community. Recommendations Communities should be sensitized about PAC services and their importance in reducing complications of abortion, such as infections, infertility, severe bleeding, and mortality as a result of unsafe abortion.
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creator: Eunice Anena
creator: Grace Anna Auma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i8.70

Determinants of delivery point choice among pregnant women in Ntenjeru North, Kayunga District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Choice of delivery point remains a critical determinant of maternal and neonatal outcomes, particularly in rural settings where access to skilled birth attendance is limited. This study aimed to explore the determinants influencing pregnant women’s choice of delivery point in Ntenjeru North, Kayunga District. Methodology: A qualitative cross-sectional study grounded in an interpretivist approach was conducted among pregnant women and key informants. Purposive sampling was used to select 25 participants. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews in Luganda and English. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly observed. Results: About 77.8% of women had low awareness of childbirth complications, limiting their perceived need for facility-based delivery. Cultural and familial preferences strongly influenced decisions, with 66.7% favoring home or TBA-assisted births due to trust, cultural compatibility, and comfort. Although 66.6% acknowledged the benefits of hospital care, including emergency services and pain management, negative perceptions, such as poor staff attitudes and hygiene, discouraged utilization. Economic constraints and accessibility challenges, including long distances and drug stock-outs, further influenced decisions. Male dominance in decision-making (77.8%) significantly limited women’s autonomy. Conclusion: Delivery point choice in Ntenjeru North is shaped by a complex interplay of low health literacy, socio-cultural norms, economic barriers, and health system challenges. Recommendations: There is a need for the government to strengthen maternal health education, promote culturally sensitive care, improve health facility infrastructure, involve male partners in maternal health decisions, and integrate TBAs into formal referral systems are essent…
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creator: Yunusu Sulaiman Kaddu
creator: Dr. Deo Nsubuga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yunusu Sulaiman Kaddu, Dr. Deo Nsubuga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i4.69

ATTITUDE TOWARDS ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING TORORO GENERAL HOSPITAL, TORORO DISTRICT.
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description: Background Pregnant women’s attitudes towards ANC are influenced by personal beliefs, past experiences, and societal norms. The study aimed to identify attitudes towards antenatal care services among pregnant women attending Tororo General Hospital, Tororo district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 50 respondents, employed quantitative methods. The study employed probability sampling, specifically a simple random sampling technique. Results The majority (88%) of the respondents were married, while the minority (12%) were living a single life. The majority (76%) reported that the quality of services rendered during antenatal care was good,18% reported that the services were excellent, while only 6% reported fair-quality services, and none of the mothers reported poor-quality services. (68%) reported that their partners\families somewhat supported them in attending Antenatal Care,30% of them reported very supportive family\partners while only 2% reported neutral support, however, none of them reported being unsupported or very unsupportive. (56%) Of the women had financial constraints as a major reason for them not attending ANC,20% reported of lack of transport,18% reported long distances from the health Centre 4% reported that their culture perceives TBAs to be more knowledgeable than the professional health care workers. Only 2% reported to have ever experienced a negative encounter with the health workers. Conclusion The overall attitude towards antenatal care was also good as most of the respondents showed a positive attitude towards ANC. Recommendation The MOH, through continuous medical education, should also increase the training of health service providers in order to ensure continuity in community sensitization, organizing education programs through radios and televisions as well as social media.
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creator: Patick Adawa
creator: Sania Nakasolo Sania Nakasolo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-20
publication date: 2025-04-20
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i4.68

Health facility factors contributing to uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among women of reproductive age attending Mukono general hospital, Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background: Despite their availability in health facilities, uptake remains low in Uganda, contributing to high rates of unintended pregnancies and poor reproductive health outcomes. This study aimed to assess health facility factors contributing to the uptake of LARCs among women of reproductive age attending Mukono General Hospital in Mukono District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed among 50 women of reproductive age selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using researcher-administered questionnaires from participants attending outpatient, maternal and child health clinics, and inpatient wards. Data were analyzed manually and using Microsoft Excel, and results were presented in tables, graphs, and charts. Results: Most respondents (36%) were aged 25–29 years, 40% had secondary education, and 42% were married. Additionally, 56% resided in urban areas, and 34% were self-employed. Regarding health facility factors, 54% reported ease of access to health facilities, although 58% lived more than 15 km away. Nearly half (46%) indicated that LARCs were fairly available, and 60% had received counseling from healthcare providers. The majority (64%) perceived healthcare providers as adequately trained, while 38% reported a fairly positive provider attitude. However, 62% experienced difficulties in obtaining LARCs, mainly due to long waiting times (61.29%). Conclusion: Health facility factors, including distance, limited availability, long waiting times, and inadequate follow-up services, significantly influence the uptake of LARCs. Recommendations: There is a need for the health facilities to increase g staffing in family planning units, improve supply chains to reduce stock-outs, strengthen counseling and follow-up services, and enhance accessibility to improve uptake of LARCs.
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creator: Edgar Lando
creator: Richard Kanyesigye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edgar Lando, Richard Kanyesigye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i4.46

Factors contributing to low uptake of personal protective equipment among health workers at Kayunga regional referral hospital, Kayunga district. A cross-sectional study.
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description: Background The purpose of the study was to find out the factors contributing to low uptake of personal protective equipment among health workers at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital, Kayunga District. Methodology A cross-sectional study design using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from a sample of 50 respondents using a questionnaire written in the English language as a data collection tool; later, data was systematically analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and entered into the Excel computer program Microsoft Excel to generate tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results (58%) They were females (42%), and they were males. (46%) were by the Baganda tribe. (48%) took a long time without reading the hospital personal protective equipment policy, (88%) had efficient skills in don and doff, (50%) reported difficulties in breathing as the challenge they face while using PPEs. (70%) reported that they always get access to PPE’s, though (38%) reported masks are not usually accessible in their departments, (60%) reported>8 hours as the working duration at the facility, (64%) last had in service training in regards to PPE’s during COVID19 pandemic,(72%) reported that the rate of patient turn up in their departments was very high. Conclusion Few of the health workers were informed about the hospital policy in regards to PPEs, not entirely all health workers had efficient skills in don and doff, un equitable access to PPEs, long working hours, inadequate access to in service trainings, high patient turn up and low monitoring of the hospital administration programs were the outstanding factors contributing to low uptake of personal protective equipment among health workers. Recommendation Kayunga regional referral Hospital administration must set up a committee that will critically monitor health workers from different departments regarding the regular uptake of the PPEs.
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creator: LILLIAN NAMUKASA
creator: AMIRI WERE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i10.66

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS AGED 45-60 YEARS AT KASANGATI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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description: Background Hypertension is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults aged 45-60 years at Kasangati Health Centre IV, Wakiso district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and data was collected on a sample of 60 respondents. The respondents were selected by using a convenient sampling method as a sampling technique, and a semi-structured questionnaire with open-ended questions. Data was analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and entered into the computer using the Microsoft Excel computer program, illustrated using graphs and figures for quantitative data. Results 46.7%) of the respondents were aged 55- 60 years, (60%) of the respondents had ever been diagnosed with high blood pressure, (63.3%) of the respondents believed that males were mostly affected by high blood pressure, (57%) of the respondents were not exercising at all in a week, (67%) of the respondents were adding extra salt to cooked food, (80%) of the respondents were having a history of hypertension in their family, (53.3%) of the respondents were taking alcohol, (56.6%) of the respondents had ever smoked, (41.6%) of the respondents had not included fruits or vegetables in their diet. (66.6%) Of the respondents who were not staying near highly polluted areas, (56.6%) were staying in cold environments, and (63.4%) were staying in hilly areas. Conclusion Generally, the overall prevalence of hypertension was high, and individual factors associated with hypertension were: lack of physical exercise, additional salt intake, and family history of hypertension. The environmental factors associated with hypertension were somewhat fair, thus increasing the number of cases of hypertension. Recommendation Health workers should constantly encourage adults to modify their lifestyle by avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary modifications to manage comorbi…
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creator: Mayi Yahaya Nalugunju
creator: Robert Asiimwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i7.65

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW UTILIZATION OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS AT ENTEBBE REGIONAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL, WAKISO DISTRICT.
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description: Background Globally, it is estimated that about 41.2% of women in the postpartum period use modern contraceptives worldwide. The study assessed the utilization of modern contraception and associated factors among postnatal mothers at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology Adopted a facility-based quantitative cross-sectional research design in Entebbe Regional Referral, located in the central business district of Entebbe town, in Wakiso District. The study included postnatal mothers who were at the postnatal ward of Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital at the time of data collection, and a sample of 50 respondents. Results (48%) were Catholics. (46%) had attended secondary level. (90%) were married. (65%) knew that the main purpose of using modern contraceptives was to prevent pregnancy. (80%) had resumed their menses. (88% had resumed sexual activity. (68%) noted that postnatal mothers were not safe to use modern contraceptives during breastfeeding. (60%) were not using modern contraception. (60%) were not using modern contraceptives at the moment. (52%) were encouraged to use contraceptives by the health workers. (70%), Their culture did not advise them to use contraceptives during breastfeeding. (64%) lived between 0-119km away from the health facility. (76%) delivered by spontaneous vertex delivery. (92%) delivered from the health facility. (72%) rated the attitude of the health workers as welcoming. (82%) had access to family planning services from the health facility. (54%) spent a long time at the health facility. Conclusion Utilization of modern contraceptives was very low, and these factors were: parity, having resumed sexual intercourse, resumption of menses, normal vaginal delivery, poor perception of modern contraceptives, and lack of counselling on modern contraceptives during postnatal visits. Recommendation The Hospital administration of Entebbe Regional Referral should consider intense counselling about modern contraception, especially when mo…
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creator: Rebecca Nakityo
creator: Sharifah Nabukenya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rebecca Nakityo, Sharifah Nabukenya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-04
publication date: 2026-02-04
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i2.64

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS CONDOM USE AMONG RESIDENTS OF NANSANA MUNICIPALITY, WAKISO DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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description: Background Condom use remains a critical component of Uganda's public health strategy in combating sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards condom use among residents of Nansana municipality, Wakiso District. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative methods, Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Data was coded, entered, and cleaned in Microsoft Excel software and then transferred into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis. To measure knowledge and practice Results 54 (67.5%) were aged between 18-30 years, 72(90.0%) were Christians. 52(65.0%) were self-employed, 35(43.8%) got information on condom use from their friends and peers. 69(86.3%) had good knowledge about condom use. 62(77.5%) knew that condoms offer protection against STDS, 63(78.8%) knew that condoms should be checked for holes before use, 50(62.5%) agreed that condom use doesn’t give the desired sexual satisfaction, 43(53.8%) agreed that condom use causes delay in reaching orgasm, 54(67.5%) disagreed to the fact that condom use reduces sexual urge. 52(65.0%) didn’t think that the condom slips in the female organ during intercourse. 44(55%) of the participants had negative attitudes towards condom use. 42(52.5%) used condoms, majority, 56(70.0%) used condoms in their last sexual intercourse, 63(78.8%) encountered no problems with condom use. Conclusion Overall, 86.3% of the participants had good knowledge about condom use, 55% of the participants had negative attitudes towards condom use, and 70% had used condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Recommendation The local government of Nansana municipality, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, should ensure adequate and steady availability of condoms in different points within the community to improve their use and accessibility.
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creator: Martha Nagawa
creator: Patrick Alinde
creator: Prosper Mubangizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Martha Nagawa, Patrick Alinde, Prosper Mubangizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-29
publication date: 2026-07-29
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i7.63

https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/62
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title: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA AMONG CARETAKERS OF CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS IN HOIMA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, HOIMA DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
description: Background The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards ORT in the management of diarrhea among caregivers of children under five years in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Hoima District. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 60 respondents. The respondents were selected by using a convenient sampling method as a sampling technique. Data was analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and entered into the computer using the Microsoft Excel computer program, illustrated using graphs and figures for quantitative data. Results (73%) of the respondent’s children were females, (58%) of the respondent’s children were in the age bracket of (1-3yrs). Knowledge towards ON ORT revealed that: (80%) obtained their information from health workers, (60%) had ever heard about zinc supplements. On attitude showed that (95%) of the respondents agreed that ORT in the management of diarrhea, (45%) agreed to ORT as the best in the management of diarrhea, and (100%) believed that feeding a child with diarrhea could stop the aggravation of the disease. Results on practices showed that (72%) of the respondents used boiled water when mixing ORT, (62%) gave ORT to the child every time after a loose watery stool, and (50%) kept the prepared ORT for 24hours. Conclusion The overall Knowledge was good, with a pleasing attitude; however, the overall practices were fair towards Oral rehydration therapy in the management of diarrhea, which puts children below five years at risk of developing diarrhea. Recommendation Hoima Regional Referral Hospital should do public enlightenment, and social marketing strategies in order to promote the use of ORT among caretakers of children under five years.
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creator: Felicious Murungi
creator: Alex Katwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i7.62

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS COMPREHENSIVE SEXUAL EDUCATION AMONG STUDENTS IN MERIKIT SECONDARY SCHOOL, TORORO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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description: Background Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) includes age-appropriate, medically accurate information on a broad set of topics related to sexuality, including human development, relationships, decision-making, abstinence, and contraception. The study aims to assess the Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards comprehensive sexual education among students of Merikit Secondary School. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling to select 50 respondents. The data collected was analyzed manually using a scientific calculator and presented in frequency and percentages using the Microsoft Excel computer program to generate figures and tables for easier interpretation. Results (44%) were aged between 15-17 years of age, (62%) were females. (92%) had ever heard about comprehensive sexual education, (67%) obtained their first knowledge about comprehensive sexual education from school, (62%) knew HIV/AIDS as the component of comprehensive sexual education, (74%) alleged that comprehensive sexual education is very important to students, (52%) granted that teachers should openly discuss CSE at school, (34%) were in favor of their parents to inform them about physical /menstruation changes, (68%) reported that they were not sexually active, (47%) of the respondents had ever used condoms, (56%) of the respondents noted that teachers at school always discuss sexual education at school, (40%) of the respondents reported that they last utilized HIV/AIDS counseling at school for 1-2 years,(38%) were not ready to test for HIV. Conclusion Participants possessed fairly satisfactory knowledge and attitude, but practices were quite debatable to a certain extent, as a result of the fact that the implementation of comprehensive sexual education would be equitably achieved if a significant number of participants had regular sessions with CSE. Recommendation Merikit Secondary School administration should set up committees of teachers with whom the …
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creator: O Jerome Munyole
creator: Sharifah Nabukenya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i11.61

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POOR ADHERENCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING TUBERCULOSIS CLINIC AT KAMULI GENERAL HOSPITAL, KAMULI DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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description: Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Uganda. Despite the availability of effective treatment, poor adherence to antituberculosis drugs continues to undermine TB control efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factors contributing to poor adherence to Ani-Tuberculosis drugs among Tuberculosis Patients at Kamuli General Hospital. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kamuli General Hospital in Kamuli District, utilizing a Simple random sampling technique with 50 respondents. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results The study included 50 respondents, of whom a majority, 64%, were alcoholics, 64% were discriminated against, 46% failed to meet transport costs due to long distances to the hospital of greater than 4 kilometers, and 22% of respondents were reported to have used herbal medicine. Most of the respondents forgot to swallow drugs (42%), majority of about 72% of patients reported about waiting for more than an hour before being attended to, more than half 52% of the patients reported that the health workers were not friendly, most of patients had other chronic illness (40%), 8% of the respondents were reported being allergic to the drugs. Conclusion High percentages of respondents were not adherent to their medication. The community and demographic factors included Age, Marital status, and education level. Health-related factors included an unfriendly relationship with health workers. Recommendation Health care providers should educate all patients with TB before the initiation of treatment on the duration of treatment in the language locally used.
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creator: Michael Mubiru
creator: Mulodokayi Niwagiira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i8.60

https://whr.phafrica.org/index.php/wh/article/view/57
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title: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS TYPHOID FEVER PREVENTION AMONG PATIENTS AGED 18-45 YEARS, KAJJANSI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. Hudu Lubowa*, Glorious Orishaba
description: Background Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. This gram-negative bacterium is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food, beverages, and water due to poor sanitation and hygiene. This study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices towards typhoid fever prevention among patients aged 18-45 years, Kajjansi Health Centre IV, Wakiso district. Methodology The study employed a quantitative research design, utilizing questionnaire method, interviewing method, and document reviewing method to collect and analyze data from a sample population of 30 respondents. Results 30% of the participants had no formal level of education, the majority (70%) of the respondents knew typhoid fever, and many of them (60%) knew that it spreads through drinking contaminated water. Regarding attitude towards typhoid fever prevention, the majority (90%) thought it was important to prevent typhoid fever. Regarding practices, the biggest percentage (75%) of the respondents always wash their hands with soap before eating, the majority (80%) of the respondents always drink boiled water, and most (40%) of the respondents seek treatment from public hospitals when they suspect typhoid fever. Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the respondents towards typhoid fever prevention among patients aged 18-45 years at Kajjansi Health Centre IV, Wakiso District were generally good during the study. Recommendations Health workers in Kajjansi Health Centre IV should promote
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creator: Hudu Lubowa
creator: Glorious Orishaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v2i7.57

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LOW INVOLVEMENT OF MEN IN ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES AMONG MEN ATTENDING MEDICAL SERVICES AT OBER HEALTH CENTER IV, LIRA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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description: Background Antenatal care (ANC) can be defined as the care provided by skilled health-care professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls in order to ensure the best health conditions for both mother and baby during pregnancy. This study assessed factors contributing to low involvement of men in antenatal care services among men attending medical services at Ober Health Center IV, Lira district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used, and a simple random technique was employed. Data was collected on a sample size of 50 respondents using a structured questionnaire; later analyzed manually using tally sheets and computed into percentages using Microsoft Excel, and illustrated as figures and tables. Results 60%) were in the age group 31-35years, 56% had attained secondary level of education, (58%) had never heard about males’ involvement in ANC services, and (58%) reported the expected role of males’ involvement in ANC services was to access information on child health care. (72%) Some respondents reported that sometimes their female partner had ever invited them to go together for ANC services, (52%) had ever made a decision on seeking ANC services, and (60%) reported community members were not supportive of male partner involvement. (90%) reported one could have spent 1hour at the facility for an ANC visit, and (68%) reported that they don’t pay for access to ANC services at this facility Conclusion The study discovered a lack of knowledge, inadequate joint decision making, failure to invite men by their female partners to go for ANC, long waiting, and a day schedule for ANC were the major factors contributing to low involvement of men in antenatal care services among men attending medical services. Recommendation The administration of Ober health center IV should continue to promote male friendly services in order to increase male’s uptake in ANC services.
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creator: Leone Atubo
creator: Sharifah Nabukenya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of World Health Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.71020/jwhr.v3i1.56